This is one of the questions I've been asked most in my years around fireplaces, and the answer is yes—with an asterisk. Fireplaces are hot. TVs hate being hot. Put them together carelessly and the TV loses.
The two ways to protect the TV
A mantel. A properly sized mantel above the fireplace deflects rising heat out into the room before it reaches the wall above. It's the traditional answer and it works. The tradeoff: it pushes the TV higher, and on a clean, modern fireplace a mantel can wreck the whole design.
Heat management built into the fireplace. Some fireplaces are specifically engineered to manage the heat on the wall above—you still get every bit of the heat in the room, but the unit creates a cool zone where the TV hangs. I've measured these side by side: a standard unit can make the wall above it feel like a stove set on low, while a heat-managed unit's wall stays around 125°F—barely warm to the hand. Same fire, completely different wall.

My take
If you want the TV close to the fire with clean lines and no mantel, go after a fireplace with real heat management. It's not the cheapest feature, but if you've got a TV, artwork, or little hands on that wall, it's the difference between designing freely and designing around a hot zone.
One more honest note: this matters most with gas fireplaces that run for hours on a thermostat. A unit that manages its wall heat keeps working for you at hour four, not just minute ten.
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